English operation in public space: Linguistic landscape in culinary business of Surakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
Since English is the world's lingua franca, it is a major attraction in various fields, such as writing culinary business signage. This study examines the frequency of language use, the monolingual and bilingual processes through text writing strategies, and information-symbolic function that English develops in culinary business texts. The data is collected using recording techniques, including photography on 396 culinary business nameplate data from food stalls, restaurants, cafes, and bistros located at protocol road in Surakarta, Indonesia. The Linguistic Landscape, bilingual-multilingual writing and Writing System Mimicry (WSM) is used to analyze the collected data (Landry and Bourhis 1997; Reh, 2014; Sutherland 2015). The results showed that Indonesian and English compete in dominating the appearance of monolingual and bilingual texts. In general, text writers use manipulating, imitating, fragmenting, complementing, and overlapping strategies to attract consumers. Therefore, English influences international perceptions, exclusivity, modern, leisure and success. We argue that with its capabilities, in the future, English will dominate texts in the public space and threaten national and local languages.
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